Language Development of a Child from Birth to 5 Years

Introduction Language is a code made up of rules that include what words mean, how to make words, how to put them together, and what word combinations are best in what situations. Speech is the oral form of language. The purpose of this study is to find out the developmental stages the child goes through in the acquisition of language from birth to 5 years. Language is a beautiful gift. With it we can share our wants, our needs, our thoughts, our feelings, and everything that makes us human. If you spend time with a child, you have the power to give and nurture this gift of communication. Many factors affect the rate at which a child develops language. Sometimes language development slows down while a child is learning other skills,†¦show more content†¦Parental observation helped a great deal in compiling the information as it acted like a progress report where I could monitor how the child’s language developed over a short period of time. As this research was built on the cross-sectional design, parental observations were very useful. The need to get the subject accustomed to the observer and other problems that crop up were avoided by using the parent, a familiar person as the observer. Results Case Studies As this research was based on the Cross- Sectional design, only the information relevant to the age group the child belongs has been stated. The history of each subject’s language development from birth has not been discussed. The names of the participants have been changed to maintain their anonymity. All other details are accurate and factual. Case Study 1 Nazmia is 5 months old. She was born in July 2006. She belongs to a Muslim, lower middle class family. The household includes her maternal grandparents and an aunt. From around the age of 3 months, Nazmia was highly sensitive to the human voice and would listen attentively to the human voice more than any other sound. 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The Business Skills Development Program - 869 Words

During the last six months of the Business Skills Development Program, the Institute completed its 75 hour-long entrepreneurial curriculum in fifteen Saturday sessions. Twenty-three students registered for the Entrepreneurship Fundamentals course, and ten successfully graduated from the course. Instructional services such as class lectures, guest speaker presentations, and supervised writing assistance all contributed to their completion of a business plan. On the other hand, absences and withdrawals were experienced after the 3rd and 4th day of the class schedule. However, it should be noted that such issues with class attendance and withdrawals are common in an adult educational setting, and are in line with what we have observed with our adult educational program. In spite of absences experienced during the course schedule, these course graduates did a great job catching up with class lessons missed, and were proactive in the writing assistance component of the class; thus, their efforts to continue and completing the course also allowed for each graduate receiving a certificate of completion and small ceremony acknowledging their accomplishments. However, it should be noted that the Institute’s Entrepreneurship Fundamentals course began in spring and ran through the summer. As a result, this schedule duration became an inconvenience for some students but most importantly it contributed to our low class retention. 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Pseudo-Transformational Leader free essay sample

The Relevance within Corporations by Kimberley K. Hyde A Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of LEAD500 LEADERSHIP STYLES AND THEORIES May 19, 2013 \ Effective leadership is the greatest tool for the success of any organization; they articulate the vision of the organization and are the motivation for others to fulfill that vision. Leaders have an impact on those they lead; followers. In today’s corporate world companies and organizations need to be cognizant of staff they hire within leadership positions. During the interview process, it is particularly important to understand the interviewee’s leadership philosophies, ethics, morals and abilities before consideration for hire. Most leaders value the importance of ethical behavior and demonstrate their values and ethics in their leadership. There has been a tremendous focus within the media in the past decade about the ethics of leadership within corporations. Corporate scandals and government corruption seems to be all too common these days. We will write a custom essay sample on Pseudo-Transformational Leader or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lately, we have heard an abundance of stories in reference to top executives within multi-million dollar companies found guilty of conspiracy, theft and fraud; also known as unethical or pseudo-transformational leadership. â€Å"Pseudo-transformational leaders may create the impression that they are doing the right things, but will secretly fail to do so due to their own narcissistic interests. They are less likely to listen to conflicting views and more likely to be intolerant of the differences of opinion between their followers and themselves† (Howell Avolio, 1992). For appearances, a pseudo-transformational leader appears to be virtuous, but is actually deceptive. They set a regulatory plan to manipulate the values of followers and often at the expense of others and/or organizations. â€Å"Pseudo-transformational leaders’ individualized consideration creates dependent followers instead of empowered ones† (Bass Bass, 2008, p. 233). Followers who have the inability to work independently or think for themselves can give a pseudo-transformational leader treacherous power and often the green light for manipulation. Followers will lack self-confidence, creativity and most importantly honesty. The first step to trust between a leader and follower is the leader relaying their ethical and moral beliefs to all employees, so extremely powerful. The ethical and moral trait he looks for in his employees is honesty, the ability to recognize the individual impact on peers/internal and external employees, transparency, and integrity. â€Å"Pseudo-transformational leaders are skilled at communicating their beliefs and promoting their missions using rhetoric and metaphor, but they motivate followers through deception and false promises, often substituting self-indulgent emotionality for logic. (Bass and Steidlmeier, 1998). Self-promotion is a bad characteristic of pseudo-transformational leaders; seeking personal gratification and put their own needs before others, a very narcissistic attitude. With a leader who is self-promoting, this can turn any productive, successful team into a dysfunctional one quickly and in the end followers within that team will drift away and become distan t. How successful a business is depends on their willingness to make a change to create a thriving innovativeness capable of long-term. There has to be a paradigm shift from old to new. The new paradigm’s main ideas are to create a culture of leadership that is investing in their people. Businesses cannot be successful without their employees they are not liabilities they are assets. They need to be treated as an investment, i. e. , treating everyone with fairness, dignity and where values and ideas respected. Empowering employees to be independent and share their ideas makes them truly believe in the company. Employees tend to be loyal and committed; ambassadors to the success of the company. An empowering leadership team within any organization is the key to success and a self-promoting leader will not work. An organization must have trust in their leadership team. Being an effective leader means to influence, inspire, support and instruct your team through challenges and uncertainty while standing strong, remaining calm, empowering and focused. Pseudo-transformational leaders are far from being effective. Leading by fear, leading by force, can be detrimental to any organization. An effective leader is one who is authentic, influential and motivating. Organizations employing leaders practicing pseudo-transformational leadership will have their ethics questioned as well as their loyalty and dependability; especially by customers and stakeholders. The concept of treating employees well is that, in turn, customers get treated the same. References Howell, J. M. , Avolio, B. J. (1992). The ethics of charismatic leadership: Submission or liberation? Academy of Management Executive, 6 (2), 43-54. Bass, B. , Stiedlmeier, P. (1998) Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership. [Electronic Version]. Leadership Quarterly, 10(2). 181-218 Bass, B. Bass, R. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: theory, leadership, and managerial application. New York: Simon Schuster.

Wilfred Owens The Send-off and Erno Mullers Assault Essay Example

Wilfred Owens The Send-off and Erno Mullers Assault Paper Both Owens and Mullers poems were written about World War 1 and so the two poems are especially similar in some respects, even though different poets wrote them. There are still a large number of differences between the two poems. Some similarities and differences are naturally easier to spot than others; some only become apparent after extensive study. These differences and similarities occur in style, the way the poems deal with war and it effects as well as many other things. In The Send-off by Wilfred Owen the story is told of the soldiers departing on a train for the war. It depicts the men at the siding shed and on the train, leaving their loved ones and all the things that they have worked for to go and fight on the frontline and probably die. The storyline is the start of what is likely to be the last train journey for the majority of the men on board. As the train departs with the men on board so do we leave them. In Assault by Erno Muller the story about a group of World War 1 soldiers is being relayed to us, of how they got caught in a gas attack and how it causes someone to die. We will write a custom essay sample on Wilfred Owens The Send-off and Erno Mullers Assault specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wilfred Owens The Send-off and Erno Mullers Assault specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wilfred Owens The Send-off and Erno Mullers Assault specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The soldiers then have to get out of the trench and attack the enemy, the story shows the real world of war. The tone of The Send-off is one that condemns the deaths of those that participated and how far too many men died, a few, a few, too few [may return] the fact that Wilfred Owen is saying too few return, means too many die, this then means that is condemning the war and waste of human life. When talking about the departure Owen wrote So secretly, like wrongs hushed-up, which talks about how the men being sent off to fight and probably die is wrong, so he is condemning it. Assault by Erno Muller also has a condemning tone, there are no outstanding quotes representing this -however the underlying view of the author can be picked up as more of the poem is read. There is also a sarcastic tone although this does not feature in The Send-off Assault uses it at the end to good effect, God, this is fun! One can get the impression that some see war as fun or good, this poem has sarcasm to show how wrong they are. The voice in The Send-off is in a 3rd person perspective. It is narrated by someone who is there looking at the men and women being affected but is not involved with those there directly, words like their and they give us this impression. It also sounds like someone who knows a large amount about the occurrences of the war and resents it. It is almost as if it is the soul of a soldier who died fighting in the war and he resents this. Assault has a 1st person perspective. It sounds like someone who had experienced it and survived. Words like ripped and were show that it was written in the past tense whilst quotes like God, this is fun makes it seem as if the narrator experienced the war 1st hand. The Send-off has both an angry underlying mood too few as if the author is shouting and hollering as if very angry, along with a sad mood. It is sad because the author knows that a lot of the men will soon be dieing. A few, a few may creep back. We get the idea that they have been through terrible suffering (which they had) and that only a few survived (which is also true), this is supposed to and succeeds in saddening the reader. Assault has a few moods in it, there is an eerie mood at the start of the poem. The white cloud swirled round him like a fog. This gives an eerie atmosphere as death just swirled up around one of the soldiers without him realising. Another mood is sadness A man choked caught him unawares. Then his body flopped over. We are saddened from this as a man suffers a horrible death from gas and he didnt have a chance to avoid it. Assault also has an angry mood in it, the author is angry at the waste of human life, the quote over the top and kill shows how all war is, is people to kill. The two poems have very different forms, The Send-off is broken into four stanzas which change in size going small, large, small and large. This breaking up could represent how war is fought in sections. These sections are the different battles that occurred in World War 1. The order of the stanzas and the size of each stanza being regular could be seen to represent how the deaths and occurrences of war were seen as regular. However, looking closer the sentences begin and end at different points, war appears regular but look closer into it and it is not. Assault only has 2 stanzas, these are of very different lengths, however the lines are organised into groupings. The different groups of lines represent the different parts of the battle that the soldiers went through, the form of Assault is totally un-predictable, much like an enemys next move in a battle or war. There are several differences between the rhythms that the two poems use. Erno Mullers Assault has a rhythm that keeps changing. It begins quickly Gas! Faces turned straight into the action there is a fast rhythm here as the soldiers try to survive the gas attack. It slows down in the middle of the poem as the shells are described and then tired they sank earthwards. There is a final boost of speed at the end of the poem Over the wall! Over the top and kill. The Send-off however has a very steady rhythm and it is fairly slow. The very regular rhythm Dull Porters watched them, and a casual tramp Stood staring hard makes the send-off of men to the front lines seem a regular occurrence (which it was) and therefore that the mens deaths were also a regular un-important event. Both poems have a great deal of examples of imagery throughout them. The Send-off starts of with lines and words making it feel that the war is being censored, so only some truths come out. This is being done because war is wrong and the government, army etc are trying to keep it quiet. Darkening lanes produces imagery of it occurring in the dead of night so that it is not seen by many people and therefore kept quiet. Everyone knew that it was wrong but no-one was trying hard enough to do anything about it, everyone was just keeping quiet like wrings hushed up. The impression of things being censored and kept quiet is given as men may creep back silent so only a handful of people knew the truth about the war. Assault also has a few examples of things being kept quiet. The masks that hid the men from the gas can represent how the government hid (or censored) the truth about the war from the public. Some of these things carried through to the soldiers, the white cloud which was actually death, as gas could seem innocent to the inexperienced soldier as a white cloud would seem above suspicion to the uninformed. There are copious numbers of references to the huge number of men that died throughout as well as all the suffering that a lot of them went through. Erno Muller has included a lot imagery for this, feverish hands the men are harmed mentally (scared stiff) just by the thought of the gas attack. The horrible image of a man choked as the gas caught him unawares over whelmed his defences and took over his body. Groaning makes us think of all the men lying on the battlefield groaning in pain. The men also felt like they were on their own at times, the word unawares is the only word on the line, it also is on its own. They may also have felt that everything was against them including nature The wind cut me. The feeling that everything was against them would have reduced their morale even more. Owen also included no end of imagery within his poem, lined the train produces the image of the huge numbers of men that took part in the war as a train can hold a huge number of people. The men tried to put a brave face on their situation, as they were not that happy about being in a war faces grimly gay. There are also a great deal of references to how the deaths became usual as so many men lost their lives, They got a train trains run regularly just as the men died regularly, Dull porters watched them as it wasnt unusual for train loads of men to go off, however this also meant that it was usual, mundane and uninteresting that the men died. Repetition near the end of the poem A few, a few, too few gives the impression of things going on and on, either the suffering of the soldiers, the numbers of dead or just how the war went on for a lot longer than everyone was expecting. The women gave them flowers before they left, this could be instead of putting flowers on their graves as the men were very likely to die and some of their bodies would never be found. Words and lines like our and I in Assault make you realise that it was personal, people lost lots of friends and family in the war, a lot of men would have watched their friends die. The two poems have different rhyming patterns, one doesnt have one. The Send-off has a regular rhyming pattern, in the short stanzas it is ABA and in the longer stanzas it is a more complex but still a regular rhyming pattern. The regular rhyming pattern in the poem can represent the regularity of the send off during World War 1 and therefore the regularity of the men dying. Assault has no particular rhyming pattern. This could represent how things dont always happen as they are supposed to. It is, however, still a poem. Things dont always happen in war as they are supposed to, but it is still a war and waste of human life. Both poems deal with war and its effects in similar ways. They condemn the immense loss of human life. Both authors seem to try to deal with their losses by discussing what occurred. In conclusion, the two poems deal with war and its effects in the way that most war poems endeavour to.

Free Essays on Similarities Of The Bible And Gilgamesh

In the first volume of the Norton Anthology of World Literature, the introduction tells the readers about the â€Å"invention of writing and the earliest literatures† (3). The earliest form of writing in 3000BC in Mesopotamia led to the first recorded story, Gilgamesh. Interpreted by N.K. Sandars, this epic shows the Egyptian’s love and worship of nature. The story also has several parallels to the bible and more specifically the story of Noah and the flood. The characters of Gilgamesh worship different gods of nature and emotions such as love. This is important in showing the importance of nature in the 3000 BC world. In this time the people would use everything in nature to help them prosper in their lives. The gods also helped Gilgamesh and Enkindu’s journey into the forest. By guiding the men, the sun god Shamash helped them to trudge onto their destination, to kill Humbaba. Shamash said, â€Å"Go forward, do not be afraid† (22). When they get to Humbaba, the god Shamash helped the men by summoning â€Å"the great wind, the north wind, the whirlwind, the storm and the icy wind†¦they came like dragons† (23). Because of the force of nature applied by Shamash, Gilgamesh and Enkindu defeated the beast Humbaba. The closest parallel to the bible is seen in part 5, The Story of the Flood. Both in the bible and Gilgamesh, there is an ark built and pitched. They both place animals on the boats, both bring their families, and both sent birds out to see if it was safe to leave the boat. Both boats also landed on a mountain. These stories similarities may be because of a story passed down from the times of Noah and incorporated into the story of Gilgamesh to add a bit of extra excitement.... Free Essays on Similarities Of The Bible And Gilgamesh Free Essays on Similarities Of The Bible And Gilgamesh In the first volume of the Norton Anthology of World Literature, the introduction tells the readers about the â€Å"invention of writing and the earliest literatures† (3). The earliest form of writing in 3000BC in Mesopotamia led to the first recorded story, Gilgamesh. Interpreted by N.K. Sandars, this epic shows the Egyptian’s love and worship of nature. The story also has several parallels to the bible and more specifically the story of Noah and the flood. The characters of Gilgamesh worship different gods of nature and emotions such as love. This is important in showing the importance of nature in the 3000 BC world. In this time the people would use everything in nature to help them prosper in their lives. The gods also helped Gilgamesh and Enkindu’s journey into the forest. By guiding the men, the sun god Shamash helped them to trudge onto their destination, to kill Humbaba. Shamash said, â€Å"Go forward, do not be afraid† (22). When they get to Humbaba, the god Shamash helped the men by summoning â€Å"the great wind, the north wind, the whirlwind, the storm and the icy wind†¦they came like dragons† (23). Because of the force of nature applied by Shamash, Gilgamesh and Enkindu defeated the beast Humbaba. The closest parallel to the bible is seen in part 5, The Story of the Flood. Both in the bible and Gilgamesh, there is an ark built and pitched. They both place animals on the boats, both bring their families, and both sent birds out to see if it was safe to leave the boat. Both boats also landed on a mountain. These stories similarities may be because of a story passed down from the times of Noah and incorporated into the story of Gilgamesh to add a bit of extra excitement....

Example Sentences Using Irregular Verbs in All Tenses

Example Sentences Using Irregular Verbs in All Tenses For an English language learner, regular verbs are consistent and easier to learn than irregular verbs. The main difference between regular and irregular verbs is in the past participle and past simple. For regular verbs, you just have to add -ed for both the past participle and past simple: I visited my friends in Milan. (past simple)Shes visited her friends in Milan throughout the years. (present perfect)   Irregular verbs, on the other hand, are more complicated and often need to be studied individually because they dont follow a single pattern. The following example sentences in all tenses will help students learn irregular verb forms in context. Example Sentences Using Irregular Verbs Click on one of the irregular verbs listed below for example sentences using the verbs in all tenses including active and passive forms, as well as conditional and modal forms. To help you choose the verb you need, each verb includes three example sentences  to get you started. be  / was / were / been Tom was in New York yesterday.Ive been at this job for a long time.Shell be at the party next weekend. beat /  beat / beaten We beat the home team yesterday.Ive never beaten Tom at chess.Do you think you could beat him? become  / became / become Jason has become an excellent doctor.Ill become your friend if you move here.The situation became a problem for Bob. begin  / began / begun They havent begun the play yet.I began to work early this morning.Shell begin to explain in a moment. bend  / bent / bent He bent the branch until it broke.The flag poll bends in the wind.Ive bent the nail in the board.   break  / broke / broken My boy has broken three windows this week!I broke that window last week.She usually breaks the egg over the sink.   buy  / bought / bought Janice bought a new watch last week.I usually buy my vegetables at a country stand.Hes bought more than 10 cars in his life.   come  / came / come We came home earlier yesterday.He comes to class on time every day.Hes come across that song before.   cut  / cut / cut How many  pieces have you cut?I cut my finger on a glass yesterday.The boy never cuts his own steak. draw  / drew / drawn She drew a beautiful picture in class.Jackie has drawn a few clowns this week.Shell draw the money from the account tomorrow.   drink / drank / drunk I was so thirsty I drank two bottles of water.Have you drunk any water yet?Ill drink something when I get there.   drive  /  drove / driven Have you ever driven across the U.S.?I drove to the basketball game after work.Hes going to drive to the airport this evening.   eat /  ate / eaten We ate lunch early today.Have you eaten already?Where did you eat dinner yesterday? find  / found / found Have you found him yet?I found this book on that table over there.Ill find him, dont worry! fly /  flew / flown Cheryl flew to Brazil last month.Have you ever flown around the world?Hes going to fly a commercial airliner someday. forget  / forgot / forgotten (U.S.)  - forgot (UK) Have you forgotten that you had an appointment?I forgot my pen at home. Can I borrow yours?Youll have forgotten by the time you get home.   give /  gave / given   They gave us an early appointment.Hes given up on trying to learn Japanese.Ill give you a call next week.   go  / went / gone Have you ever gone on vacation alone?Shes going to ride the bus to work today.I went to the party last week.   grow /  grew / grown   She grew up very poor.The plants have all grown.Did you grow that plant? have  / had / had I had some toast for breakfast.Ive had some extra free time this week.Shell have the package ready when you come.   hit /  hit / hit Hes hit me three times!Bob hit the ball out of the park last night.He usually hits his nine iron well. hold  / held / held   She held on tightly and entered the tunnel.Ive held her hand before.Hold on for a few more minutes.   keep /  kept / kept Have you kept your word to Peter?John kept the door open for his mother.Ill keep your secret. know  / knew / known I knew that once ...Ive known my best friend for more than 40 years.Peter will know the answer.   learn /  learned (learnt UK) / learned (learnt UK) Have you learnt (learned) anything yet?He learned his lesson last week.This has been learned for ages.   leave  / left / left   We left the book at home.Hes left the house early this morning.Well leave as soon as you get home.   lose  / lost / lost I lost my watch yesterday.Shes never lost her purse.Theyll lose patience if you dont hurry up.   make / made / made I made the bed before I left.Ive made some tea. Would you like some?Will he make the meeting next week? meet / met / met Have you met Jack?Were going to meet at 3 oclock next week.He met his wife in Hawaii.   pay  / paid / paid He paid by credit card.Ill pay the bill and we can leave.Janet is paid by the hour.   put  / put / put She put on a CD and relaxed for the afternoon.Ive put in for a new job.Shell put him up for the night.   ride  / rode / ridden Mary rode the bus to work.Ive ridden a bike all my life.Shell ride with Tim to the party.   run  / ran / run I ran four miles yesterday.Weve run out of milk, so Ill go to the store.David usually runs two miles a day. see  / saw / seen Have you seen Angie yet?I saw the film last week.Shes going to see her friend next weekend.   If youd like to check your knowledge, take this  English irregular verbs quiz.

Physical Privacy walmart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Physical Privacy walmart - Essay Example information like this requires having some level of privacy, which can differ from time to time based on the situation and the consent of the owner of the information. All companies have different levels for the privacy of the employees and for everyone within the organization. However the levels do cause a number of issues within the organizations and also affects the working of the employees within the organization. Wal mart has been reported to intercept the phone calls of the employees and also the use of sophisticated surveillance operations. These included snooping into the lives of the employees as well. The company has been said to keep a watch on the reporters and critics as well. However this is not a goo idea as it cannot repair the reputation of the plaguing company. Wal Mart has a serious health issue and the thug – like tactics only create a bigger scope for the critics of the company. The company has been known to take a lot of interest in the spy toys and the criticism of their business is not well received by the company. The company has also led up the extent of recording the calls of the employees to spy on them. However the company has highlighted that this is mainly in the case of extreme cases and this is in accordance with the legal department. The company has been intercepting the calls and emails of its employees and the company receives a list of phone numbers and email addresses with which the employees have had any communication. This however when checked legally, has been considered to be legal. As per the law the companies have rights to keep a check on all the employees provided they use the office provided computers and phones (Zimmerman & McWilliams, 2007). It is illegal for companies to intercept personal calls or personal emails of the employees and the personal computers of the employees. However in the case of Wal Mart the company has taken this a step further and it intercepts even the personal emails and phone calls of the

Definition of the words Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of the words - Assignment Example The Painting is part of Church in Convent of Santa Maria in Milan (Ladwein, 13). It has an historic precedence to the times of Jesus Christ, exactly on the evening where Jesus along with his followers shared a dinner. Stage: Stage is that part of the theater where the actors perform their roles. Stage can be arranged and organized in multiple ways, with curtain covering the backend unit. Stage is mounted part of theater that is visible from all angles of the theater. Semiotics: Semiotics/ Semiology is a theory, and philosophy related to the study of signs and signals. In art it is the deciphering of the message from the silent image that may not be clearly evident and comprehendible to the ordinary observation. It is the study of art and architecture in form of the signals and signs interpretation. Fresco: A specialized form of painting that is performed over the fresh plaster. It is associated with the mural form of painting. Water colors are used over the wet plaster which later on dries up to hold their shape and design. Perspective: A technique in drawing and design, in which multiple parallel lines are shown to converge. It embodies the 2-D image on a 2-D frame . Linear and aerial perspectives are two predominant patterns used in this regard. The pioneers of this art are Leon Baptista Alberti and Filippo

Trader Joes Essay Example for Free

Trader Joes Essay After observing that consumers are more likely to try new things when they are on vacation, he turned his store into an â€Å"oases† with a marine theme and cheerful employees wearing Hawaiian shirts. Trader Joe’s is differentiated with their innovative, one-of-a-kind foods priced well below their competitors. Trader Joe’s has an obligation to their employees, customers, and the community. To start off, Trader Joe’s has an obligation to their employees, and employees have certain expectations about their job concerning the job itself, pay, benefits, promotion, co-workers, and supervision. Employees expect, or at least hope for, a pleasant work environment, reasonable compensation, benefits such as insurance, opportunities for advancement, friendly co-workers, and guidance when they need it and respect from their supervisors. Trader Joe’s seems to meet their employee expectations. They are surrounded by an exciting, friendly, fun, and happy environment every day. They earn significantly more than employees at other grocery chains with managers making at least around $120,000 per year. Their starting benefits include medical, dental, and vision insurance, company-paid retirement, paid vacation, and a 10% employee discount. There are opportunities for advancement as they hire managers only from within the company. They even have their own university, Trader Joe’s University, where their future leaders enroll in training programs to ensure they will be able to meet company and customer expectations. The university also teaches them to instill the Trader Joe’s attitude. Management spends their days on the floor with their crew and customers instead of in an office with the door closed. Trader Joe’s fulfills their obligations to their employees. Trader Jos’s also has an obligation to their customers, and customers also have certain expectations, such as, reasonable prices, availability of stock, correct information about products, a pleasant shopping environment and experience, and friendly and helpful employees. Customers definitely receive an enjoyable shopping experience from the theme to the employees. They have even come to expect a customer-focused attitude specifically from Trader Joe’s. Trader Joe’s highlights â€Å"soft skills† as much as the actual retail experience. The employees are friendly, are customer involved, and have high product knowledge. The employees taste and learn about the products, share their experiences, and take the time to locate and recommend products. Trader Joe’s also has a philosophy of â€Å"every penny we save is a penny you save. † They focus on natural ingredient, buy directly from suppliers whenever possible, buy in volume, contract early, do not give their suppliers a fee for putting items on the shelf, and drop items that don’t pull weight to keep costs down. Their CEO does not even have a secretary to cut every possible cost so they can offer lower prices. They limit their stock while selling twice as much as other supermarkets by selling high quality products at lower prices. Trader Joe’s says, â€Å"Giving people too much choice can result in paralysis†¦the more options you offer, the less likely people are to choose any. † Trader Joe’s then has an obligation to the community, and the community has certain expectations of Trader Joe’s. They have an obligation to the community to be responsible, abide by rules and regulations, proved accurate information, provide safe products, and respect environmental concerns. They seem to be fulfilling their obligations to the community, but in 2010, Trader Joe’s was found selling 15 out of 22 red-list seafoods, those that are overfished and need to be conserved for their survival. This raised high concerns. They were quick to respond with a promise to remove the red-listed seafood, to improve product labeling with more accurate information about seafood products, and to only offer sustainable seafood in all formats by the end of 2012. They started using the Seafood Watch list to focus their product development and other third-party, science-based information to help with their goals. They are responding to customer concerns and feedback to fit customer needs of food safety and taste and environmental concerns. Trader Joe’s did break obligations to the community, but they are confronting the situation and responding to concerns to fix the problem. If they keep their promise they can return to fulfilling all their obligations. Any obligation to the community is also an obligation to their customers. Aside from the seafood situation, Trader Joe’s fulfills their obligations to their customers. If they fix the seafood situation and keep their end of 2012 promise, their customers will probably forgive and trust them. However, they need to make sure they do not pass any of the cost of their obligation to see through on their promise because this could then damage their reputation.

The Role of Culture in Shaping us as Individuals :: Sociology Essays

The Role of Culture in Shaping us as Individuals Culture has a big impact on how we all fit in as individuals in today’s society, and since this assignment is about that I decided to include some of my own experiences to illustrate my point of view and compare it with those of my classmates and some of the readings. My family and I moved to United States in 1998 from Albania. My parents believed that I and my sister would get a better education here and also it would be useful and interesting to learn another language and its culture. Considering I didn’t speak a word of English I was very scared about starting high school. I was scared about fitting in with the other kids, I was scared about not being able to understand them, and not sure how my culture would impact the way how I looked at things. I remember my first day at the bus stop, when this very handsome guy approached me and said â€Å"Good morning, you must be new†¦What’s Up?† At that momement I kept looking up thinking†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Gosh I don’t really see anything up there†¦what is he referring to?† His name was Michael and he kept repeating the phrase â€Å"What’s up† thinking maybe I didn’t hear him. All I remember is turning red in my face and using the same phrase I had told myself many times that I was never going to use†¦ â€Å"I don’t speak English.† When we moved here I told myself I was going to try my best however I wasn’t going to be like another one of those foreigners you see in the movies that move to a different country and make no attempt to learn the language. I also told my self that I was going to repeat every word that I heard in my brain and then later using the dictionary to find out what that word meant. My favorite subject in highs cool was math, since it required little English knowledge and my least favorite subject was Physical Education. I would have never thought that I was going to hate Physical Education because usually that’s a class most students would probably like to take again and again.

Music Appreciation Lab Questions Essay

This is the second lab assignment for the Fine Art Survey class. The link in blue has a set of questions beneath it. Open the link and watch the video. **Note that the link opens up a new browser window. Please answer the questions on this document and submit the work as one file attachment. This means you complete all work in one word processing document (e.g., Microsoft Word) and attach the file using the dropbox tool. The answers to the lab questions are worth 80 points. 80-74=A73-68=B67-60=C59-54=D53 or less = F Lab Questions Visit Divas and Superstars and watch the show’s video. (If you have trouble with the link, put this website into the address bar: http://video.pbs.org/video/1300186085/ ) 1. Who sang at the Grammy’s in Spanish in the late 1990s? What was the reaction? Ricky Martin sang in Spanish at the Grammys. the crowd and people watching at home loved it. It was widely supported and accepted. 2. When did Latin music burst back on the scene? What song brought it back to the mainstream? What effect did it have? Latin music bursted back on the scene in 1984. â€Å"Conga† by Gloria Estefan & the Miami Sound Machine brought back Latin music back to the mainstream. It defined Latin pop music by mixing a Latin beat with English words. 3. How did the sounds of salsa change? The sounds of salsa changed because it was starting to be fused with pop, R&B, etc., so that more people could understand it. 4. What was the influence of CBS’ Latin division on the explosion of Latin music in the US? CBS Latin division supported and sponsored Latin music and helped it in its growth across America. 5. Who were some of the artists who brought together Latin influenced music with mainstream pop music? Jenifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, Ricky Martin, and Gloria Stefan & the Miami Sound Machine were some of the artists that brought together Latin influenced music with the mainstream pop music. 6. Why did the Latin music influence decrease? The Latin music influence decreased people started becoming more modernized and less people could understand the music. 7. What was Reggaeton? Reggaeton was a mixture of the Jamacian â€Å"Dem Bow† beat mixed with Puerto Rican and Latin beats. 8. What other types of music are being influenced by â€Å"Latin† music? Hip-Hop, rap, pop, and rock are all types of music being influenced by â€Å"Latin† music.

Investment Risk Essay

Supposed one owned a portfolio consisting of $250,000 worth of long-term government bonds, would the portfolio be riskless? Risk is defined as the probability that some favorable or unfavorable event will occur. Risk in investments is usually related to the chance that an unfavorable event will occur that will reduce the amount of one’s investment. U.S. government bonds are not completely riskless. Although the risk with a portfolio of government bonds is less risky than other types of portfolios such as long-term corporate bonds; there is still some level of risk with long-term government bonds. The best way to assess the risk on long-term government bonds is to evaluate the standard deviation of the portfolio. The smaller the deviation, the smaller the risk involved (p175). Long-term government bonds carry a standard deviation of 9.4% with an average return of 5.7% (p180). These numbers indicate that in any given year, the rate of return varies from the 5.7% average by positive or negative deviation of 9.4%. Essentially, the rate of return could conceivable be a negative 4.3%, where one would lose money. Therefore, long-term government bonds do carry a lower level of risk compared to other portfolios, but should not be considered riskless. If one had a $250,000 portfolio of 30-day Treasury bills (T-bills) and every 30 days the bills matured and the principle was reinvested in a new batch of bills; and the investor lives on the investment income for a constant standard of living, is this a riskless investment? T-bills are not truly riskless when contained in a rolling portfolio. If one invested in a single one year T-bill, regardless of economy, the standard deviation is zero. Yet, when a portfolio becomes a rolling profile, the investment income will vary depending on what happens to the level of interest rates for each monthly period in this scenario. In a rolling T-bill portfolio, the standard deviation is 3.2% with an average return of 3.9% (p.180). Therefore, stand alone T-bills can be considered riskless, but rolling T-bill portfolios will carry a very small risk of deviating investment income from rollover to rollover.

Common Stereotypes About Africa

Common Stereotypes About Africa In the 21st century, there’s never been more focus on Africa than now. Thanks to the revolutions sweeping through North Africa and the Middle East, Africa has the world’s attention. But just because all eyes happen to be on Africa at the moment doesn’t mean myths about this part of the world have been dispelled. Despite the intense interest in Africa today, racial stereotypes about it persist. Do you have any misperceptions about Africa? This list of common myths about Africa aims to clear them up. Africa Is a Country What’s the No. 1 stereotype about Africa? Arguably, the biggest stereotype is that Africa’s not a continent, but a country. Ever hear someone refer to African food or African art or even the African language? Such individuals have no idea that Africa’s the second largest continent in the world. Instead, they view it as a tiny country with no distinct traditions, cultures or ethnic groups. They fail to realize that referring to, say, African food sounds just as odd as referring to North American food or the North American language or the North American people. Africa’s home to 53 countries, including island nations along the continent’s coast. These countries contain diverse groups of people who speak a variety of languages and practice a wide range of customs. Take Nigeria- Africa’s most populous country. Among the nation’s population of 152 million, more than 250 distinct ethnic groups live. While English is the former British colonys official language, the dialects of ethnic groups indigenous to the West African nation, such as Yoruba, Hausa, and Igbo, are commonly spoken as well. To boot, Nigerians practice Christianity, Islam and indigenous religions. So much for the myth that all Africans are alike. The most populated nation on the continent certainly proves otherwise. All Africans Look the Same If you turn to popular culture for images of people on the African continent, you’re likely to notice a pattern. Time and time again, Africans are depicted as if they’re one and the same. You’ll see Africans portrayed wearing face paint and animal print and all with nearly pitch black skin. The controversy surrounding singer Beyonce Knowles’ decision to don black face for French magazine L’Officiel is a case in point. In a photo shoot for the magazine described as â€Å"a return to her African roots,† Knowles darkened her skin to a deep brown, wore splotches of blue and beige paint on her cheekbones and leopard print clothing, not to mention a necklace made out of bone-like material. The fashion spread sparked public outcry for a number of reasons. For one, Knowles portrays no particular African ethnic group in the spread, so which roots did she pay tribute to during the shoot? The generic African heritage L’Officiel claims Knowles honors in the spread really just amounts to racial stereotyping. Do some groups in Africa wear face paint? Sure, but not all do. And the leopard print clothing? That’s not a look favored by indigenous African groups. It simply highlights that the Western world commonly views Africans as tribal and untamed. As for the skin-darkening- Africans, even sub-Saharan ones, have a range of skin tones, hair textures, and other physical traits. This is why some people pegged L’Officiel’s decision to darken Knowles’ skin for the shoot unnecessary. After all, not every African is black-skinned. As Dodai Stewart of Jezebel.com put it: â€Å"When you paint your face darker in order to look more ‘African,’ aren’t you reducing an entire continent, full of different nations, tribes, cultures, and histories, into one brown color?† Egypt Isn’t Part of Africa Geographically, there’s no question: Egypt sits squarely in Northeast Africa. Specifically, it borders Libya to the West, Sudan to the South, the Mediterranean Sea to the North, the Red Sea to the East and Israel and the Gaza Strip to the Northeast. Despite its location, Egypt is often not described as an African nation, but as Middle Eastern- the region where Europe, Africa, and Asia meet. This omission stems mostly from the fact that Egypt’s population of more than 80 million is heavily Arab- with up to 100,000 Nubians in the South- a drastic difference from the population of sub-Saharan Africa. Complicating matters is that Arabs tend to be classified as Caucasian. According to scientific research, the ancient Egyptians- known for their pyramids and sophisticated civilization- were neither European nor sub-Saharan African biologically, but a genetically distinct group. In one study cited by John H. Relethford in the Fundamentals of Biological Anthropology, ancient skulls belonging to populations from sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, the Far East and Australia were compared to determine the racial origin of ancient Egyptians. If Egyptians did indeed originate in Europe, their skull samples would closely match those of ancient Europeans. Researchers found, however, that this wasn’t the case. But the Egyptian skull samples weren’t similar to those of sub-Saharan Africans either. Rather, â€Å"the ancient Egyptians are Egyptian,† Relethford writes. In other words, Egyptians are an ethnically unique people. These people happen to be situated on the African continent, though. Their existence reveals Africa’s diversity. Africa Is All Jungle Never mind that the Sahara Desert makes up one-third of Africa. Thanks to Tarzan films and other cinematic portrayals of Africa, many mistakenly believe that jungle occupies most of the continent and that ferocious beasts roam its entire landscape. Black activist Malcolm X, who visited several African countries before his assassination in 1965, took issue with this depiction. He not only discussed Western stereotypes of Africa but also how such stereotypes resulted in black Americans distancing themselves from the continent. â€Å"They always project Africa in a negative light: jungle savages, cannibals, nothing civilized,† he  pointed out. In reality, Africa houses  a wide range of vegetation zones. Only a small portion of the continent includes jungle or rainforests. These tropical areas are located along the Guinea Coast and in the Zaire River Basin. Africa’s largest vegetation zone is actually savanna or tropical grassland. Moreover, Africa’s home to urban centers with populations in the multimillions, including Cairo, Egypt; Lagos, Nigeria; and Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. By 2025, more than half of the African population will reside in cities, according to  some estimates. Black American Slaves Came From All Over Africa Largely due to the misconception that Africa’s a country, it’s not uncommon for people to assume that black Americans have ancestors from all over the continent. In reality, the slaves traded throughout the Americas originated specifically along Africa’s western coast. For the first time, Portuguese sailors who’d previously traveled to Africa for gold returned to Europe with 10 African slaves in 1442, PBS  reports. Four decades later, the Portuguese built a trading post on the Guinean shore called Elmina, or â€Å"the mine† in Portuguese. There, gold, ivory, and other goods were traded along with African slaves- exported for weapons, mirrors, and cloth, to name a few. Before long, Dutch and English ships began arriving at Elmina for African slaves as well. By 1619, Europeans had forced a million slaves into the Americas. Altogether, 10 to 12 million Africans were forced into servitude in the New World. These Africans were â€Å"either captured in warring raids or kidnapped and taken to the port by African slave traders,† PBS notes. Yes, West Africans played a key role in the transatlantic slave trade. For these Africans, slavery was nothing new, but African slavery in no way resembled North and South American slavery. In his book, the  African Slave Trade, Basil Davidson likens slavery on the African continent to European serfdom. Take the Ashanti Kingdom of West Africa, where â€Å"slaves could marry, own property and even own slaves,† PBS explains. Slaves in the United States enjoyed no such privileges. Moreover, while slavery in the U.S. was linked to skin color- with blacks as servants and whites as masters- racism was not the impetus for slavery in Africa. Plus, like indentured servants, slaves in Africa were typically released from bondage after a set amount of time. Accordingly, slavery in Africa never lasted across generations. Wrapping Up Many myths  about Africa date back centuries. In the modern day, new stereotypes about the continent have emerged. Thanks to a sensationalistic news media, people worldwide associate Africa with famine, war, AIDS, poverty and political corruption. This isn’t to say that such problems don’t exist in Africa. Of course, they do. But even in a nation as wealthy as the United States, hunger, abuse of power and chronic illness factor into everyday life. While the continent of Africa faces enormous challenges, not every African is in need, nor is every African nation in crisis. Source Relethford, John. Fundamentals of Biological Anthropology. 2 edition, McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, October 18, 1996.

Foreword What is a Foreword, Do I Need One, How Do I Write One

Foreword What is a Foreword, Do I Need One, How Do I Write One Foreword: What is a Foreword, Do I Need One, and How Do I Write One? If youre confused about what a foreword is, youre not alone.A new writer, especially someone looking to self-publish a book, has a steep learning curve ahead of them.There are so many new skills to learn- building and managing a book launch team, finding a book cover design, making Amazon Marketing Services work for you, et cetera- and new vocabulary words to go along with them.Here are the questions about forewords we answer:What is a forewordHow to write a forewordDo I need a foreword for my book?Who should write a foreword?What should be included?Whats the difference between a foreword and introduction?Whats the difference between a foreword and a preface?Whats the difference between a foreword and a prologue?NOTE: Dont sweat the small stuff like this! We cover all of what you need (including forewords) in VIP Self-Publishing Program that helps you not only publish your book, but do so for long-term success. Learn more about it hereWhat is a Foreword? A foreword is a piece of writ ing that serves to introduce the reader to the author and the book, usually written by someone who is not the author or an editor of the book. Forewords can also serve as a sort of endorsement for the book.If the author does write the foreword, it might be to explain how the book came to be, or their connection between the work and themselves- like Stephen King often does for his novels.The foreword always goes at the very front of the book (with one exception, which I’ll get into below), and it’s rarely more than a couple of pages long. You may see a foreword with either lowercase Roman numerals or typical Arabic numerals, or without any page numbering whatsoever. That is between you and your book formatter.How to Write a ForewordYou’re pretty sure you’ve seen forewords in books before, or maybe your favorite classic piece of literature has a foreword in the front. You’ve got a book now, or you’re well on your way to finishing it.Do you nee d a foreword, too? Do you need front matter at all?Then again, maybe you’re not new, and you’ve been around the proverbial block enough times to know your way around. Maybe you’ve gained enough recognition to be asked to write a foreword for someone else’s work.And maybe youre someone looking to write a foreword for someone elses book and have no idea where to start.Heres how to write a foreword:Understand what the author is looking forKnow the tone and style of the bookStart with a list of what you want to cover in the forewordMake sure to mention your credibilityTie your own experience back into the worth of the bookGet feedback from others and the authorMake any necessary changes to comply with what the author is looking forBe honest about the book and its impactDo I Need a Foreword for My Book?Now that we know what a foreword is, it’s time to get into the nitty-gritty of whether your book really needs one. This is what you’ve been waitin g for!The first thing to note is that a foreword is certainly not necessary. Plenty of books don’t have forewords, and never have them added on. Unless your book needs the elaboration and context a foreword provides, you won’t miss it.What you really need to consider is whether you’re writing fiction or nonfiction.A nonfiction book is far more likely to need a foreword than a novel, especially if the topic is dense or interesting, or the author has passed on. Again, Stephen King does tend to produce forewords for his own fiction novels but this is seen far less in authors who arent as established.For example, the fourth edition of The Elements of Style has a foreword by Roger Angell arguing that the guide is just as relevant today as it was the day Strunk and White turned the manuscript into the publisher.But if you are writing fiction, are you covering a period of history, or some other topic, in depth?A foreword may be helpful if the reader needs a bit of back ground knowledge to sink their teeth into your book. Charles Todd wrote a foreword explaining just who was the titular character of Agatha Christie’s Hercule Poirot: The Complete Short Stories.It’s also not uncommon for works of great literary renown to have a foreword added onto the original manuscript, or added as a way of explaining the difference between the current edition and past editions.Alice L. George’s foreword in the 150th-anniversary edition of Little Women by Louisa May Alcott was written to illustrate why the book is so beloved all these years later.Who Should Write a Foreword?A foreword could be written by several people, but not by just anyone.If you’re of the opinion that your work needs a foreword, approach an expert in the topic of the book or one of your peers in your field, especially if this person is well-known.This lends the book social proof.Unless you have something especially noteworthy to say, it’s probably best not to write your own book’s foreword. You may want to write a preface instead.That being said, if you’ve established yourself as an expert in your field, you may be asked to write a foreword for someone else.What Should Be Included in a Foreword?If you’ve been invited to write a foreword for a book, congratulations! What an honor, and what an impressive accomplishment to add to your resumà ©!Of course, every foreword will have needs as unique as the text that comes after, but here are some ideas for what you could include should you need to write one:Your relationship to the author (if you are or were contemporaries)How the author’s work affected you personallyYour opinion of the book, its protagonist, and/or themeThe book or author’s historical impactDifferences between the current and past editions of the book (if applicable)It’s also important when writing the foreword to strike the same tone as the rest of the book. Avoid writing a witty, hum orous foreword if the book is more serious, and vice-versa.You don’t want the writing styles to clash, or you risk jarring the reader when they turn the page.What’s the Difference Between a Foreword and an Introduction?The introduction is reserved for a book of non-fiction. It can be used to explain the content, but they can also be used to summarize the work.The introduction is sometimes comprised of everything that comes before the bulk of the text, meaning the foreword would be nestled within the introduction.Other times, the introduction is a separate section written by the author themselves.What’s the Difference Between a Foreword and a Preface?If you’re looking to write something like an introductory statement to your own book, you may want to write a preface.In a preface, you can include what your aim was in taking on the project and thank the people in your life who helped to make the book a reality.Unlike forewords, prefaces are always written by the author, and they’re not signed. If your work happens to include both, the foreword comes first.What’s the Difference Between a Foreword and a Prologue?A prologue is always written for fiction, and it takes place within your story’s world.Forewords never take place within your story’s world, unless you’re writing a fictional forward by one of your characters. You might do this if you’re writing as a fictitious person a l Daniel Handler.If your work happens to include both a prologue and a foreword, again, the foreword comes first.And again, a prologue isn’t signed. (You can probably guess why!)Forewords Can Be an Important Part of Your BookWhether or not to include a foreword in your book is- as is most of the art of writing- a matter of personal preference, but not preference alone. Consider what your particular work calls for.Only you can make that call.Trust yourself that you’ll make the right one.Ready to catapult your book to REALL success?Writing and publishing a book on your own isnt always enough.Yes, you have the full capability to make it happen but without extensive knowledge of the internal workings of Amazons search algorithm and a method to make sure your book lands on the top of lists, the long-term success of your book will suffer.We have exactly what for you.

Sensitive mothering is essential to the social and emotional Essay

Sensitive mothering is essential to the social and emotional development of the child discuss this statement in the context of relevant developmental theory - Essay Example With respect to this, mothering is referred to as a mother’s style of interaction with her child. A mother should be available to the child and should overcome all the needs of the child. Generally, it is stated that a mother’s love and sensitivity creates a harmony among the two bodies and due to this mother-infant relationship is formed (Barnes, 1995). A mother should not only cater to the child needs but she must be sensitive, i.e. she must have the capabilities to correctly interpret her child’s signals, respond to them promptly and appropriately, and encounter fully to her child’s needs. Moreover, it is the mother’s early interaction with the child that leads to behavioral issues. A sensitive mother will produce socialized and self regulated children. Moreover, mothers who are more sensitive and responsive to a child will form a secure, adaptive attachment with their child. Whereas an insensitive mother who rejects or is under involved with her child development, will form an unsecured bond with her child. According to the research, it has also been seen that sensitive mothers do not only have more close relation with their child, but their infants are more dependant on their mothers as compared to any other. The child is not only less dependant on the teachers but they are also more competent with their pe ers and have a more cooperative attitude with adults as children. Thus a sensitive mother not only grooms its child but also builds self-confidence. Sensitive mothering also plays an important role in the child’s pro social and anti social behavior. Sensitive mothers have a strong association with a child’s obedience, impulse control, and self assertion. On the other hand, an insensitive mother is responsible for a child’s negative actions, because lack of love and care from mothers develop disobedience, rebellious and noncompliance nature within a child. Due to this it can be stated that sensitive mothering is extremely

Marketing plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Marketing plan - Assignment Example Further, it is essential for the organization to consider all the 7Ps of Service Mix and hence, contribute in all these areas to gain sustainable development. Besides, the sustainability in the business process would be gained through appropriate financial control and control measurement. These would lead the organization to accomplish its vision of performing with enhanced market share and profitability. Baglow is an organization that has certain unique business idea. This is with regard to the introduction of a business plan of bag cleaning service. The market that Baglow is targeting is Qatar. For delivering an effective service to the customers, the organization has planned to undertake the strategy of introducing advanced technology. Moreover, the organization has recruited some of the highly skilled cleaning professionals. These make the service of the organization highly effective and hence, it is able to meet the satisfaction level of the customers significantly. The service of the organization is categorized into different segments of target customers. These include the cleaning of the travel bags, school bags, gents bags, ladies bags, and miscellaneous other bags. The service of the organization is further segregated into leather, cloth and others. This segmentation is done, as the materials and the method used for the cleaning purpose are different for leather, cloth and o thers. Moreover, in order to make the service of the organization highly convenient to the customers, the organization has adapted the strategy of serving at the door of the customers. In this regard, the organization takes the bags from the home of the customers. The organization further cleans the bags at the working zone of the organization. After cleaning and pressing the bags, the organization delivers the bag at the convenient locations of the customers. In the cleaning process, it is

The Contemporary Practice Of Political Spin Essay

The Contemporary Practice Of Political Spin - Essay Example The United States of America is the world’s most prominent democracy, and though never openly calling itself secular, it has been overt in proving its colorblindness in the matter of religion. But without doubt, Americans are probably more devoutly religious then any other people of the West. This devoutness has been the target of the Republican party of the United States ever since George W. Bush won the election in the year 2000. The stance taken by the present government in the issue of gay marriages and the status of immigrants in the United States provides ample proof of the importance of ambiguity and ‘spin’ in U.S political rhetoric. The Republican Party cannot openly show its opposition to the proposition of same-sex marriages, considering the position that gay people have managed to win in society. Neither can the US government openly state that it considers closing the borders of the country a viable option for ensuring home security, considering that a giant portion of the American workforce comprises of immigrants living and working illegally. Thus in both cases the government has cultivated the backing of the Christian right by using religious terminology and hyperbole.

Definition Of Culture By Hofstede Cultural Studies Essay

Definition Of Culture By Hofstede Cultural Studies Essay -Introduction Globalization of a companys hiring process becomes quite critical when it has to deal with external barriers; especially the ones relating to culture. It becomes equally challenging for an employee coming from a different cultural background to adjust in the new country and simultaneously adapt to their culture. However, in this world of instantaneous communication and global interactions, an international perspective can make ones business as well as an individuals career significantly more competitive. In order to have a good experience in the new environment and keeping away from depression one has to learn about the ways of interacting with the culture. This can be done by understanding a few aspects of the culture in the country one is going to. Each culture comes with its own personality, own way of doing things, ways of acting, ways of communicating with the world. Coming from one culture and moving to another, one can often pick out intriguing similarities and disheartening d ifferences. Hence, every culture is unique and depending on it, various behavioural patterns can be observed. In order to facilitate our understanding about the extent of how dynamic a culture is, Hofstedes cultural theory can be used. In the following research, a link will be established between Hofstedes cultural dimensions and how I will use these observations in order to adjust myself culturally to the new environment so that I do not have cross-cultural problems living in Japan for the next five years. Additionally a comparison between my culture (Indian) and Japanese culture will also be discussed. Definition of Culture by Hofstede Culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one human group from those of another. Culture in this sense is a system of collectively held values.- Geert Hofstede (Hofstede, 1991) Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Power Distance: it is the degree of inequality that is expected and accepted in a given society by subordinates. It relates to power, status, authority that you command from individuals in a given context. For the most part, often the less powerful members are dominated by more powerful members and that dimension is accepted by the less powerful and expected by the most powerful. The societies with high power distance deal with autocratic style of management while the democratic style of management is observed within societies with less power distance. Uncertainty Avoidance: is the degree of risk that is accepted by people in any given society. It is the level to which the members of a society feel uncertain or ambiguous about a particular situation. The societies that avoid uncertainties are often the underdeveloped and the developing ones; whereas the developed societies are more tolerant towards uncertainties. Individualism/Collectivism: a society where everyone is expected to take care of themselves is an individualistic one. Here, me, I is more important as against we, us in collectivist societies. The attachment between people in individualistic societies is very insecurely defined. Society may have a tendency to be materialistic. Individual work is greatly appreciated rather than team work in collectivist societies. Extended families influenced by religion are a peculiar feature of collectivism. Masculinity/Feminism: the degree of difference that is observed between men and women describes this dimension. Societies driven by power, status, competitive depict masculinity, whereas, feminism illustrates values of modesty and concern. The former tends to be less emotional and expressive than latter. Long term orientation/Short term orientation: Long term relates to rewarding responsibility with an intention in mind. However, short term relates to respect for tradition and values. The former is more perseverant and the latter imparts sense security and protects ones reputation. (Hofstede, 1991) Differences between Japanese and Indian Culture according to Hofstede (Hofstede, 2003) Both these cultures instil collectivistic traits. In such cultures the actions of the individual are influenced by various concepts such as the opinion of ones family, extended family, neighbours, work group and other such wider social networks that one has some affiliation toward. The Power Distance Index of India in comparison with Japan is comparatively higher. India is a diverse country with a combination of various cultures and wealth in this country is unequally distributed and hence, there are different types of classes with uneven disposable income. This depicts why the power distance is quite high. On the other hand, Japan is a mildly hierarchical society. Japanese are always conscious of their hierarchical position in any social setting and act accordingly. However, Japan is quite developed and the fact that equality prevails makes the power distance lower than India and uncertainty avoidance higher. Moreover, the absence of corruption, low level of inflation and other econ omic factors make its uncertainty avoidance higher. Comparatively, India is quite corrupt and people are only concerned with making more and more money regardless of the overall growth. People in India generally do not feel driven and compelled to take action-initiatives and comfortably settle into established rolls and routines without questioning whereas the Japanese do not settle for anything less and are very competitive in nature making them more masculine. India is masculine too, but mostly in terms of visual display of success and power. On the contrary, Japanese are very modest and show the strength of power only when necessary. Japan is also a very fast growing economy and the people a very determined to create a living for them expressing why it is long term oriented. The idea behind it is that the companies are not here to make money every quarter for the shareholders, but to serve the stake holders and society at large for many generations to come. India is also long ter m oriented but comparatively lesser than Japan as Indian society has great tolerance for religious views and this culture typically forgives lack of punctuality where nothing is planned from start. (Hofstede, 2003) Dealing with Cultural Shock Living abroad and experiencing all the newness of the society combined with absence of people who can support might cause a degree of anxiety. This type of anxiety is called cultural shock and everyone deals with some degree of it during this stage. Basically it can be divided into four phases. Once familiar with these stages one will be better able to combat it and the willingness to adapt will increase. However, not everybody goes through all these stages or sometimes it is possible to experience these in different order. These stages are: The Honeymoon Stage   This occurs in the first few days of you arriving in your host country.   In this stage everything seems exciting and new. The focus is on the sense of success in being in the new culture; curiosity and interest in the novelty of the new surroundings; and an appreciation and anticipation of the opportunities to be found in the new culture. Most people feel energetic and enthusiastic during this stage. The Cultural Shock Stage In this stage, the primary focus is on the differences between ones home culture and the new culture and the conflicts that arise due to these differences,  including having to use a foreign language, not being sure how to interact with people in authority, not having a clear idea of how to make friends with people from different cultures, finding that food and eating customs are different, religious practices are different, and experiencing either the country is laid back or very fast paced. The Recovery Stage After having spent some time in the new culture, people begin to resolve some of the conflicts they may have experienced and also begin to regain a sense of appreciation that they might have experienced in the first stage. They have learned more about the new culture and are able to have a better understanding of external and internal resources that help in managing demands and conflicts that might arise. Feelings typical of this stage are a mixture of the first two stages. The Adaptation Stage This stage consists of people developing a realistic understanding of the similarities and differences between their home cultures and the new culture, so that they have clearer ideas about what they like and dislike in each. Many people move in the direction of becoming bicultural i.e. being able to value and appreciate the aspects of both cultures that they wish retain or include in their lives. This stage may be characterized by a sense of confidence, maturity, flexibility and tolerance. The Reverse Culture Shock- This is an often unexpected part of the cultural adaptation process. Based on the above stages, people eventually become relatively comfortable with the new culture, and are able to learn and incorporate new attitudes and behaviour that allows them to function better in the new culture. However, when this person returns to their home culture (especially if they have not been back for a while), they may sometimes find that the changes in themselves as well as in the home culture while they were away may create the need for an entirely new adjustment process which can be similar to the process described above. This can be especially confusing if the person is expecting to fit in effortlessly into their home culture and neither the person nor members of the home culture are sensitive to the possibility of reverse culture shock. (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2007)   Adapting to the Japanese Culture Having being transferred to a new country can be very challenging yet fun filled task since one has to start to adjust to a new environment that has never been experienced before. All the more, experiencing a new culture has its own set of problems like cultural shock, communication issues, etc. According to me, the only way to overcome a situation like this is to adapt to the place as soon as possible, as they say When in Rome, do as the Romans do.  I will further mention a few aspects of the local culture that I would wish to observe and understand in order to avoid problems of cross-cultural communication. Adjusting in the new environment culturally will make one familiar to the people, the language and will be lot easier to feel the essence of the place. In this situation, I will rid my mind of the stereotypes I ever perceived about Japan or Japanese people, since this is the first step to willingly accept and respect any culture. I will also try to befriend my colleagues at work and stay with them for a while instead of staying at hotels. Reason being, one gets to understand the true culture of the place only when they live with a family rather living alone. This will provide me emotional support while staying away from my family. Joining gym or any other ways of socially connecting to people would be a good idea here. Moreover, since I belong to a collectivistic society myself, it would be easier for me to trust and exchange ideas with groups of people. With this dimension being quite common in both our cultures, I might feel comfortable understanding the Japanese culture. Also in t his era of the world it is quite easy to stay in touch with family and friends back home through internet facilities providing video calling at cheap rates. Communication is the key here so I emphasize on being an active listener and participating in discussions both at work and leisure time that will let them know about the background of my culture as well. I would definitely involve communicating in Japanese in my routine; that will help me communicate with the locals there. English is not the official language of Japan so it will be wrong on my part to assume that they have clearly understood what I am trying to communicate. Hence, it will be better to listen and understand them. This will build their trust and confidence in me, and avoid misunderstandings at the same time. In situations where I am not able to express myself to a local, I would talk by actions or slow down my speed of language so that my words are clearly understood. I would watch TV and read newspapers to obtain information about the locals and their culture. Working in the IT Company will provide me with an opportunity of making friends where I believe I will be accepted keeping in mind the sense of equality that people in Japan have, according to Hofstede. I would be able to create a good rapport with my seniors too. I may not be as competitive as other Japanese employees in my peer group with regards to my background but I will try to come up to their level and be as competitive as them. However, I may have issues when trying to work since most of them rely on try and tested methods of doing work and no one really wants to bring any change in their environment. As for me, I can adjust to their style but I am more used to prioritizing my tasks according to the situation that comes up rather than planning everything right from start till the end and foresee any circumstances that may interfere with the planning like the Japanese do. In addition, leaving Hofstedes theory aside, there are other grounds on which both these cultures are dissimilar and interaction will be an issue in the beginning. If considering rituals, etiquettes, food, sense of humour, routine, etc., both these cultures are different. In India rituals are given a lot of importance but only to the extent of religion, we do not tend to go as far as having opening and closing ceremonies for each year of schooling as the Japanese do. For Japanese, competition is very important as that shows how one would lead his life later on, however, in India, there is competition but it isnt healthy considering our high level of ignorance at other levels for example caste, creed, sex, etc. As far as etiquettes are concerned, Indians these days might forget to greet others in the traditional style of saying Namaste while pressing palms together and fingers pointing upwards. They might say Hello and greet others since we have been influenced a lot by western cultur e for about two decades or so, whereas Japanese would bow down in order to greet. Another aspect of the local culture that is different but I would absolutely love to observe is the food that they have to offer. I cannot expect the spicy kind of food that I am brought up eating; instead I will have to develop a taste that is less spicy than Indian food. Consequently, spending more time with the locals will make me accustomed to their culture and lifestyle. After working through the day I might as well tour the local places so that I can roam without the help of maps. Furthermore, the environment plays a role in the adaptation of a culture. The level to which a community is ready to accept strangers into their environment is quite important. If a community is not open to new comers, that could hinder a persons ability to adapt in such host culture. Some environments are more accepting of some individual and less accepting of others. However, as per the facts presented about Japan above, it seems that I being an Indian would not go through much of a struggle to adapt as long as I respect them, their culture and stay at par and polite with them.

I am going to research how supermarkets use ICT to have an impact on :: ICT Essays

I am going to research how supermarkets use ICT to have an impact on society. Unit 12: Impact on Society My chosen area is a supermarket. I am going to research how supermarkets use ICT to have an impact on society. Since the introduction of ICT in supermarkets, everything has become much more efficient. Supermarkets have improved tremendously by using the following things in stores:  · Online Shopping  · EPOS  · EFTPOS  · Credit Cards  · Loyalty Cards  · Cash Back Question 1: Ways in which ICT is used in a supermarket are: Ø Online Shopping Online shopping is a way in which ICT is used in supermarkets. It enables the shopper to be able to buy things online. This is a quick and easy method of purchasing goods and therefore has an impact on society. [IMAGE]This affects me because is somebody in my family is unable to go to the supermarket for some reason, we just order the products online. We do this because we find it easy and also we find it helpful as products can be delivered to our home. This affects the community because more and more people will shop online because it is very simple therefore the supermarket will have more customers and therefore they will have bigger profits. If somebody is poorly, they can buy their shopping online. People can compare prices of products online and you can shop at any time you want. All the main supermarkets use online shopping. For example, Tesco and Asda. These websites allow customers to browse through all the products and they also allow the customer to compare prices of products with other supermarket prices so that you can buy the cheapest one without having to go onto other websites. Ø EPOS (Electronic point of sales) EPOS is an electronic system, which enables the supermarket to automatically deduct stock from the stock level. This also enables people to buy things quickly. People working on the checkout do not have to check for any price labels. They just scan the barcode, which gives them the price and automatically deducts the product off the stock. EPOS has an affect on me because it makes it easier and faster to scan products therefore I can be served a lot quicker. This affects the community as well because if they are happy with the service then they will keep coming back for more products. Also, supermarkets are putting local shops out of business because most people are going to supermarkets to buy their shopping. This is because the corner shops are not able to compete with supermarkets. Also, nobody is ordering milk from milkmen anymore because they just go and buy milk from a supermarket once a week. I am going to research how supermarkets use ICT to have an impact on :: ICT Essays I am going to research how supermarkets use ICT to have an impact on society. Unit 12: Impact on Society My chosen area is a supermarket. I am going to research how supermarkets use ICT to have an impact on society. Since the introduction of ICT in supermarkets, everything has become much more efficient. Supermarkets have improved tremendously by using the following things in stores:  · Online Shopping  · EPOS  · EFTPOS  · Credit Cards  · Loyalty Cards  · Cash Back Question 1: Ways in which ICT is used in a supermarket are: Ø Online Shopping Online shopping is a way in which ICT is used in supermarkets. It enables the shopper to be able to buy things online. This is a quick and easy method of purchasing goods and therefore has an impact on society. [IMAGE]This affects me because is somebody in my family is unable to go to the supermarket for some reason, we just order the products online. We do this because we find it easy and also we find it helpful as products can be delivered to our home. This affects the community because more and more people will shop online because it is very simple therefore the supermarket will have more customers and therefore they will have bigger profits. If somebody is poorly, they can buy their shopping online. People can compare prices of products online and you can shop at any time you want. All the main supermarkets use online shopping. For example, Tesco and Asda. These websites allow customers to browse through all the products and they also allow the customer to compare prices of products with other supermarket prices so that you can buy the cheapest one without having to go onto other websites. Ø EPOS (Electronic point of sales) EPOS is an electronic system, which enables the supermarket to automatically deduct stock from the stock level. This also enables people to buy things quickly. People working on the checkout do not have to check for any price labels. They just scan the barcode, which gives them the price and automatically deducts the product off the stock. EPOS has an affect on me because it makes it easier and faster to scan products therefore I can be served a lot quicker. This affects the community as well because if they are happy with the service then they will keep coming back for more products. Also, supermarkets are putting local shops out of business because most people are going to supermarkets to buy their shopping. This is because the corner shops are not able to compete with supermarkets. Also, nobody is ordering milk from milkmen anymore because they just go and buy milk from a supermarket once a week.