Language Development of a Child from Birth to 5 Years

Introduction Language is a code made up of rules that include what words mean, how to make words, how to put them together, and what word combinations are best in what situations. Speech is the oral form of language. The purpose of this study is to find out the developmental stages the child goes through in the acquisition of language from birth to 5 years. Language is a beautiful gift. With it we can share our wants, our needs, our thoughts, our feelings, and everything that makes us human. If you spend time with a child, you have the power to give and nurture this gift of communication. Many factors affect the rate at which a child develops language. Sometimes language development slows down while a child is learning other skills,†¦show more content†¦Parental observation helped a great deal in compiling the information as it acted like a progress report where I could monitor how the child’s language developed over a short period of time. As this research was built on the cross-sectional design, parental observations were very useful. The need to get the subject accustomed to the observer and other problems that crop up were avoided by using the parent, a familiar person as the observer. Results Case Studies As this research was based on the Cross- Sectional design, only the information relevant to the age group the child belongs has been stated. The history of each subject’s language development from birth has not been discussed. The names of the participants have been changed to maintain their anonymity. All other details are accurate and factual. Case Study 1 Nazmia is 5 months old. She was born in July 2006. She belongs to a Muslim, lower middle class family. The household includes her maternal grandparents and an aunt. From around the age of 3 months, Nazmia was highly sensitive to the human voice and would listen attentively to the human voice more than any other sound. 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The Business Skills Development Program - 869 Words

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Pseudo-Transformational Leader free essay sample

The Relevance within Corporations by Kimberley K. Hyde A Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of LEAD500 LEADERSHIP STYLES AND THEORIES May 19, 2013 \ Effective leadership is the greatest tool for the success of any organization; they articulate the vision of the organization and are the motivation for others to fulfill that vision. Leaders have an impact on those they lead; followers. In today’s corporate world companies and organizations need to be cognizant of staff they hire within leadership positions. During the interview process, it is particularly important to understand the interviewee’s leadership philosophies, ethics, morals and abilities before consideration for hire. Most leaders value the importance of ethical behavior and demonstrate their values and ethics in their leadership. There has been a tremendous focus within the media in the past decade about the ethics of leadership within corporations. Corporate scandals and government corruption seems to be all too common these days. We will write a custom essay sample on Pseudo-Transformational Leader or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lately, we have heard an abundance of stories in reference to top executives within multi-million dollar companies found guilty of conspiracy, theft and fraud; also known as unethical or pseudo-transformational leadership. â€Å"Pseudo-transformational leaders may create the impression that they are doing the right things, but will secretly fail to do so due to their own narcissistic interests. They are less likely to listen to conflicting views and more likely to be intolerant of the differences of opinion between their followers and themselves† (Howell Avolio, 1992). For appearances, a pseudo-transformational leader appears to be virtuous, but is actually deceptive. They set a regulatory plan to manipulate the values of followers and often at the expense of others and/or organizations. â€Å"Pseudo-transformational leaders’ individualized consideration creates dependent followers instead of empowered ones† (Bass Bass, 2008, p. 233). Followers who have the inability to work independently or think for themselves can give a pseudo-transformational leader treacherous power and often the green light for manipulation. Followers will lack self-confidence, creativity and most importantly honesty. The first step to trust between a leader and follower is the leader relaying their ethical and moral beliefs to all employees, so extremely powerful. The ethical and moral trait he looks for in his employees is honesty, the ability to recognize the individual impact on peers/internal and external employees, transparency, and integrity. â€Å"Pseudo-transformational leaders are skilled at communicating their beliefs and promoting their missions using rhetoric and metaphor, but they motivate followers through deception and false promises, often substituting self-indulgent emotionality for logic. (Bass and Steidlmeier, 1998). Self-promotion is a bad characteristic of pseudo-transformational leaders; seeking personal gratification and put their own needs before others, a very narcissistic attitude. With a leader who is self-promoting, this can turn any productive, successful team into a dysfunctional one quickly and in the end followers within that team will drift away and become distan t. How successful a business is depends on their willingness to make a change to create a thriving innovativeness capable of long-term. There has to be a paradigm shift from old to new. The new paradigm’s main ideas are to create a culture of leadership that is investing in their people. Businesses cannot be successful without their employees they are not liabilities they are assets. They need to be treated as an investment, i. e. , treating everyone with fairness, dignity and where values and ideas respected. Empowering employees to be independent and share their ideas makes them truly believe in the company. Employees tend to be loyal and committed; ambassadors to the success of the company. An empowering leadership team within any organization is the key to success and a self-promoting leader will not work. An organization must have trust in their leadership team. Being an effective leader means to influence, inspire, support and instruct your team through challenges and uncertainty while standing strong, remaining calm, empowering and focused. Pseudo-transformational leaders are far from being effective. Leading by fear, leading by force, can be detrimental to any organization. An effective leader is one who is authentic, influential and motivating. Organizations employing leaders practicing pseudo-transformational leadership will have their ethics questioned as well as their loyalty and dependability; especially by customers and stakeholders. The concept of treating employees well is that, in turn, customers get treated the same. References Howell, J. M. , Avolio, B. J. (1992). The ethics of charismatic leadership: Submission or liberation? Academy of Management Executive, 6 (2), 43-54. Bass, B. , Stiedlmeier, P. (1998) Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership. [Electronic Version]. Leadership Quarterly, 10(2). 181-218 Bass, B. Bass, R. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: theory, leadership, and managerial application. New York: Simon Schuster.

Wilfred Owens The Send-off and Erno Mullers Assault Essay Example

Wilfred Owens The Send-off and Erno Mullers Assault Paper Both Owens and Mullers poems were written about World War 1 and so the two poems are especially similar in some respects, even though different poets wrote them. There are still a large number of differences between the two poems. Some similarities and differences are naturally easier to spot than others; some only become apparent after extensive study. These differences and similarities occur in style, the way the poems deal with war and it effects as well as many other things. In The Send-off by Wilfred Owen the story is told of the soldiers departing on a train for the war. It depicts the men at the siding shed and on the train, leaving their loved ones and all the things that they have worked for to go and fight on the frontline and probably die. The storyline is the start of what is likely to be the last train journey for the majority of the men on board. As the train departs with the men on board so do we leave them. In Assault by Erno Muller the story about a group of World War 1 soldiers is being relayed to us, of how they got caught in a gas attack and how it causes someone to die. We will write a custom essay sample on Wilfred Owens The Send-off and Erno Mullers Assault specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wilfred Owens The Send-off and Erno Mullers Assault specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wilfred Owens The Send-off and Erno Mullers Assault specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The soldiers then have to get out of the trench and attack the enemy, the story shows the real world of war. The tone of The Send-off is one that condemns the deaths of those that participated and how far too many men died, a few, a few, too few [may return] the fact that Wilfred Owen is saying too few return, means too many die, this then means that is condemning the war and waste of human life. When talking about the departure Owen wrote So secretly, like wrongs hushed-up, which talks about how the men being sent off to fight and probably die is wrong, so he is condemning it. Assault by Erno Muller also has a condemning tone, there are no outstanding quotes representing this -however the underlying view of the author can be picked up as more of the poem is read. There is also a sarcastic tone although this does not feature in The Send-off Assault uses it at the end to good effect, God, this is fun! One can get the impression that some see war as fun or good, this poem has sarcasm to show how wrong they are. The voice in The Send-off is in a 3rd person perspective. It is narrated by someone who is there looking at the men and women being affected but is not involved with those there directly, words like their and they give us this impression. It also sounds like someone who knows a large amount about the occurrences of the war and resents it. It is almost as if it is the soul of a soldier who died fighting in the war and he resents this. Assault has a 1st person perspective. It sounds like someone who had experienced it and survived. Words like ripped and were show that it was written in the past tense whilst quotes like God, this is fun makes it seem as if the narrator experienced the war 1st hand. The Send-off has both an angry underlying mood too few as if the author is shouting and hollering as if very angry, along with a sad mood. It is sad because the author knows that a lot of the men will soon be dieing. A few, a few may creep back. We get the idea that they have been through terrible suffering (which they had) and that only a few survived (which is also true), this is supposed to and succeeds in saddening the reader. Assault has a few moods in it, there is an eerie mood at the start of the poem. The white cloud swirled round him like a fog. This gives an eerie atmosphere as death just swirled up around one of the soldiers without him realising. Another mood is sadness A man choked caught him unawares. Then his body flopped over. We are saddened from this as a man suffers a horrible death from gas and he didnt have a chance to avoid it. Assault also has an angry mood in it, the author is angry at the waste of human life, the quote over the top and kill shows how all war is, is people to kill. The two poems have very different forms, The Send-off is broken into four stanzas which change in size going small, large, small and large. This breaking up could represent how war is fought in sections. These sections are the different battles that occurred in World War 1. The order of the stanzas and the size of each stanza being regular could be seen to represent how the deaths and occurrences of war were seen as regular. However, looking closer the sentences begin and end at different points, war appears regular but look closer into it and it is not. Assault only has 2 stanzas, these are of very different lengths, however the lines are organised into groupings. The different groups of lines represent the different parts of the battle that the soldiers went through, the form of Assault is totally un-predictable, much like an enemys next move in a battle or war. There are several differences between the rhythms that the two poems use. Erno Mullers Assault has a rhythm that keeps changing. It begins quickly Gas! Faces turned straight into the action there is a fast rhythm here as the soldiers try to survive the gas attack. It slows down in the middle of the poem as the shells are described and then tired they sank earthwards. There is a final boost of speed at the end of the poem Over the wall! Over the top and kill. The Send-off however has a very steady rhythm and it is fairly slow. The very regular rhythm Dull Porters watched them, and a casual tramp Stood staring hard makes the send-off of men to the front lines seem a regular occurrence (which it was) and therefore that the mens deaths were also a regular un-important event. Both poems have a great deal of examples of imagery throughout them. The Send-off starts of with lines and words making it feel that the war is being censored, so only some truths come out. This is being done because war is wrong and the government, army etc are trying to keep it quiet. Darkening lanes produces imagery of it occurring in the dead of night so that it is not seen by many people and therefore kept quiet. Everyone knew that it was wrong but no-one was trying hard enough to do anything about it, everyone was just keeping quiet like wrings hushed up. The impression of things being censored and kept quiet is given as men may creep back silent so only a handful of people knew the truth about the war. Assault also has a few examples of things being kept quiet. The masks that hid the men from the gas can represent how the government hid (or censored) the truth about the war from the public. Some of these things carried through to the soldiers, the white cloud which was actually death, as gas could seem innocent to the inexperienced soldier as a white cloud would seem above suspicion to the uninformed. There are copious numbers of references to the huge number of men that died throughout as well as all the suffering that a lot of them went through. Erno Muller has included a lot imagery for this, feverish hands the men are harmed mentally (scared stiff) just by the thought of the gas attack. The horrible image of a man choked as the gas caught him unawares over whelmed his defences and took over his body. Groaning makes us think of all the men lying on the battlefield groaning in pain. The men also felt like they were on their own at times, the word unawares is the only word on the line, it also is on its own. They may also have felt that everything was against them including nature The wind cut me. The feeling that everything was against them would have reduced their morale even more. Owen also included no end of imagery within his poem, lined the train produces the image of the huge numbers of men that took part in the war as a train can hold a huge number of people. The men tried to put a brave face on their situation, as they were not that happy about being in a war faces grimly gay. There are also a great deal of references to how the deaths became usual as so many men lost their lives, They got a train trains run regularly just as the men died regularly, Dull porters watched them as it wasnt unusual for train loads of men to go off, however this also meant that it was usual, mundane and uninteresting that the men died. Repetition near the end of the poem A few, a few, too few gives the impression of things going on and on, either the suffering of the soldiers, the numbers of dead or just how the war went on for a lot longer than everyone was expecting. The women gave them flowers before they left, this could be instead of putting flowers on their graves as the men were very likely to die and some of their bodies would never be found. Words and lines like our and I in Assault make you realise that it was personal, people lost lots of friends and family in the war, a lot of men would have watched their friends die. The two poems have different rhyming patterns, one doesnt have one. The Send-off has a regular rhyming pattern, in the short stanzas it is ABA and in the longer stanzas it is a more complex but still a regular rhyming pattern. The regular rhyming pattern in the poem can represent the regularity of the send off during World War 1 and therefore the regularity of the men dying. Assault has no particular rhyming pattern. This could represent how things dont always happen as they are supposed to. It is, however, still a poem. Things dont always happen in war as they are supposed to, but it is still a war and waste of human life. Both poems deal with war and its effects in similar ways. They condemn the immense loss of human life. Both authors seem to try to deal with their losses by discussing what occurred. In conclusion, the two poems deal with war and its effects in the way that most war poems endeavour to.